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Quick Facts: Educational Philosophy

What is Idealism?

Idealism emphasizes the mind, ideas, and spirit. The aim of education is to develop the mind and moral character. Proponents include Plato and Hegel. The curriculum is subject-centered, focusing on humanities and classics.

What is Realism?

Realism asserts that reality exists independent of our minds. The aim of education is to teach objective knowledge and facts about the physical world. Proponents include Aristotle and John Locke. The curriculum is subject-centered, focusing on science and math.

What is Pragmatism (Experimentalism)?

Pragmatism focuses on practical experience and problem-solving. Education is seen as a tool to help students adapt and solve real-world problems. Proponents include John Dewey. The curriculum is experience-centered, using the project method.

What is Perennialism vs. Essentialism?

Perennialism focuses on universal, timeless truths and ideas (the "Great Books"). Essentialism focuses on teaching the "essential" core knowledge and skills (the 3 R's: Reading, 'Riting, 'Rithmetic) needed to be a productive citizen.